Showing entry for Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1



                       
General Target Information
BXGT IdBXGT005389
Protein NameNuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
Uniport IdO95644
GeneNFATC1
Gene Id4772
DomainRHD_dimer; RHD_DNA_bind
Pfam PF16179   PF00554  
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Target protein  affiliated  biological  pathways
KEGG
Class Subclass KEGG Id Pathway Name
3. Environmental Information Processing 3.2 Signal transduction hsa04010 MAPK signaling pathway
3. Environmental Information Processing 3.2 Signal transduction hsa04022 cGMP-PKG signaling pathway
3. Environmental Information Processing 3.2 Signal transduction hsa04024 cAMP signaling pathway
4. Cellular Processes 4.2 Cell growth and death hsa04218 Cellular senescence
3. Environmental Information Processing 3.2 Signal transduction hsa04310 Wnt signaling pathway
5. Organismal Systems 5.8 Development hsa04380 Osteoclast differentiation
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04625 C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04658 Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04659 Th17 cell differentiation
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
5. Organismal Systems 5.1 Immune system hsa04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
5. Organismal Systems 5.2 Endocrine system hsa04921 Oxytocin signaling pathway
6. Human Diseases 6.7 Endocrine and metabolic diseases hsa04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
6. Human Diseases 6.8 Infectious diseases: Bacterial hsa05135 Yersinia infection
6. Human Diseases 6.9 Infectious diseases: Viral hsa05161 Hepatitis B
6. Human Diseases 6.9 Infectious diseases: Viral hsa05163 Human cytomegalovirus infection
6. Human Diseases 6.9 Infectious diseases: Viral hsa05166 Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection
6. Human Diseases 6.9 Infectious diseases: Viral hsa05167 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
6. Human Diseases 6.9 Infectious diseases: Viral hsa05170 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
6. Human Diseases 6.1 Cancers: Overview hsa05235 PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
6. Human Diseases 6.3 Immune diseases hsa05321 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Gene Ontology
GO Type GO Id Gene Ontology
Biological Process GO:0003180 aortic valve morphogenesis
Biological Process GO:0033173 calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
Biological Process GO:0001816 cytokine production
Biological Process GO:0038095 Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
Biological Process GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction
Biological Process GO:1905064 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation
Biological Process GO:0030178 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
Biological Process GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Biological Process GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Biological Process GO:0003184 pulmonary valve morphogenesis
Biological Process GO:0007223 Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
molecular function GO:0003682 chromatin binding
molecular function GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
molecular function GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity
molecular function GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
molecular function GO:0005528 FK506 binding
molecular function GO:0048273 mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding
molecular function GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
molecular function GO:0001225 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding
molecular function GO:0001085 RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
molecular function GO:1990837 sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
molecular function GO:0008134 transcription factor binding
cellular component GO:0005737 cytoplasm
cellular component GO:0005829 cytosol
cellular component GO:0016604 nuclear body
cellular component GO:0000790 nuclear chromatin
cellular component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
cellular component GO:0005634 nucleus
cellular component GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
Reactome
Pathway Id Pathway Name
R-HSA-1168372 Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)
R-HSA-1168372 Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)
R-HSA-1280218 Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-1280218 Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction
R-HSA-168249 Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256 Immune System
R-HSA-168256 Immune System
R-HSA-195721 Signaling by WNT
R-HSA-2025928 Calcineurin activates NFAT
R-HSA-2025928 Calcineurin activates NFAT
R-HSA-2454202 Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
R-HSA-2871809 FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization
R-HSA-3858494 Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling
R-HSA-4086398 Ca2+ pathway
R-HSA-5607763 CLEC7A (Dectin-1) induces NFAT activation
R-HSA-5607764 CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling
R-HSA-5621481 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
R-HSA-983705 Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)
R-HSA-983705 Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)
Target protein-related  diseases
Disease
CUI Id BXGD Id Disease Name Disease Class
C0000768 BXGD000007 Congenital Abnormality Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
C0002871 BXGD000132 Anemia Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0003864 BXGD000231 Arthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0003873 BXGD000236 Rheumatoid Arthritis Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Immune System Diseases
C0004096 BXGD000252 Asthma Respiratory Tract Diseases; Immune System Diseases
C0004135 BXGD000257 Ataxia Telangiectasia Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0004364 BXGD000270 Autoimmune Diseases Immune System Diseases
C0005684 BXGD000319 Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0005695 BXGD000323 Bladder Neoplasm Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0005845 BXGD000341 Blood urea nitrogen measurement
C0005890 BXGD000345 Body Height
C0006142 BXGD000374 Malignant neoplasm of breast Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0006826 BXGD000408 Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms
C0007097 BXGD000424 Carcinoma Neoplasms
C0007102 BXGD000425 Malignant tumor of colon Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0007112 BXGD000429 Adenocarcinoma of prostate Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0007131 BXGD000441 Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0007134 BXGD000443 Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0007138 BXGD000446 Carcinoma, Transitional Cell Neoplasms
C0007847 BXGD000492 Malignant tumor of cervix Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
C0008029 BXGD000510 Cherubism Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0008313 BXGD000528 Cholangitis, Sclerosing Digestive System Diseases
C0009324 BXGD000597 Ulcerative Colitis Digestive System Diseases
C0009402 BXGD000605 Colorectal Carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0010068 BXGD000648 Coronary heart disease Cardiovascular Diseases
C0010346 BXGD000664 Crohn Disease Digestive System Diseases
C0011175 BXGD000701 Dehydration Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
C0011847 BXGD000749 Diabetes Endocrine System Diseases
C0011849 BXGD000751 Diabetes Mellitus Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases
C0011860 BXGD000755 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases
C0012546 BXGD000776 Diphtheria Infections
C0013080 BXGD000797 Down Syndrome Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nervous System Diseases
C0013274 BXGD000809 Patent ductus arteriosus Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0014116 BXGD000892 Endocardial Cushion Defects Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0014335 BXGD000908 Enteritis Digestive System Diseases
C0017636 BXGD001131 Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0017638 BXGD001132 Glioma Neoplasms
C0017654 BXGD001136 Glomerular Filtration Rate
C0018798 BXGD001223 Congenital Heart Defects Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0018799 BXGD001224 Heart Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases
C0018818 BXGD001236 Ventricular Septal Defects Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0019163 BXGD001295 Hepatitis B Digestive System Diseases; Infections
C0019829 BXGD001350 Hodgkin Disease Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0020676 BXGD001462 Hypothyroidism Endocrine System Diseases
C0021390 BXGD001503 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Digestive System Diseases
C0022661 BXGD001572 Kidney Failure, Chronic Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0022665 BXGD001573 Kidney Neoplasm Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0023434 BXGD001643 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0023465 BXGD001656 Acute monocytic leukemia Neoplasms
C0023467 BXGD001658 Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute Neoplasms
C0023524 BXGD001681 Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal Infections; Nervous System Diseases
C0023860 BXGD001708 Listeriosis Infections
C0023890 BXGD001713 Liver Cirrhosis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Digestive System Diseases
C0024121 BXGD001735 Lung Neoplasms Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0024143 BXGD001741 Lupus Nephritis Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Immune System Diseases
C0024299 BXGD001758 Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0024312 BXGD001766 Lymphopenia Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0025202 BXGD001832 melanoma Neoplasms
C0025517 BXGD001875 Metabolic Diseases Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
C0026618 BXGD001909 Dental Fluorosis, Acquired Stomatognathic Diseases
C0026691 BXGD001917 Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0027627 BXGD002006 Neoplasm Metastasis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0027651 BXGD002009 Neoplasms Neoplasms
C0027796 BXGD002037 Neuralgia Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases
C0028756 BXGD002083 Obesity, Morbid Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
C0029124 BXGD002113 Optic Atrophy Eye Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0029408 BXGD002137 Degenerative polyarthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0029443 BXGD002152 Osteomyelitis Infections; Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0029453 BXGD002154 Osteopenia Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0029454 BXGD002155 Osteopetrosis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0029456 BXGD002157 Osteoporosis Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0030193 BXGD002191 Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0030297 BXGD002204 Pancreatic Neoplasm Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Endocrine System Diseases
C0030793 BXGD002253 Pelvic Neoplasms Neoplasms
C0031090 BXGD002280 Periodontal Diseases Stomatognathic Diseases
C0031099 BXGD002282 Periodontitis Stomatognathic Diseases
C0033860 BXGD002438 Psoriasis Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0038013 BXGD002725 Ankylosing spondylitis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0042769 BXGD002999 Virus Diseases Infections
C0043194 BXGD003036 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0079731 BXGD003087 B-Cell Lymphomas Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0079744 BXGD003090 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0079772 BXGD003099 T-Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0079773 BXGD003100 Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0085612 BXGD003204 Ventricular arrhythmia Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0149521 BXGD003328 Pancreatitis, Chronic Digestive System Diseases
C0152021 BXGD003520 Congenital heart disease Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0162538 BXGD003954 Immunoglobulin A deficiency (disorder) Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0175697 BXGD004004 Van der Woude syndrome Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Neoplasms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0178874 BXGD004037 Tumor Progression Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0200665 BXGD004045 Platelet mean volume determination (procedure)
C0201976 BXGD004063 Creatinine measurement, serum (procedure)
C0206180 BXGD004170 Ki-1+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0221269 BXGD004429 Pseudolymphoma Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C0235974 BXGD004796 Pancreatic carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Endocrine System Diseases
C0238461 BXGD004936 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Neoplasms
C0238790 BXGD004956 bone destruction
C0239946 BXGD005010 Fibrosis, Liver Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Digestive System Diseases
C0242379 BXGD005157 Malignant neoplasm of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0243002 BXGD005208 Tricuspid Atresia Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0266642 BXGD005705 Situs ambiguus Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0270970 BXGD006145 Reducing-body myopathy Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0271737 BXGD006252 Addison's disease due to autoimmunity Immune System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases
C0278878 BXGD006609 Adult Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0278996 BXGD006621 Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm Neoplasms
C0279702 BXGD006685 Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0280217 BXGD006720 stage, non-small cell lung cancer Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0280474 BXGD006748 Childhood Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0302592 BXGD006851 Cervix carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
C0333307 BXGD006946 Superficial ulcer Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0342384 BXGD007470 Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Endocrine System Diseases
C0344925 BXGD007709 Perimembranous ventricular septal defect Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0346647 BXGD007832 Malignant neoplasm of pancreas Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Endocrine System Diseases
C0376358 BXGD007992 Malignant neoplasm of prostate Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0596263 BXGD009639 Carcinogenesis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0598766 BXGD009669 Leukemogenesis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0600139 BXGD009695 Prostate carcinoma Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0677886 BXGD009734 Epithelial ovarian cancer Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Endocrine System Diseases
C0678222 BXGD009749 Breast Carcinoma Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0684249 BXGD009790 Carcinoma of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0699790 BXGD009866 Colon Carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0699885 BXGD009869 Carcinoma of bladder Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0740394 BXGD009989 Hyperuricemia Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0741916 BXGD010044 Cardiac defects
C0751951 BXGD010648 Central Core Myopathy (disorder) Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0919267 BXGD011426 ovarian neoplasm Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Endocrine System Diseases
C1140680 BXGD011718 Malignant neoplasm of ovary Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Endocrine System Diseases
C1261473 BXGD011855 Sarcoma Neoplasms
C1269955 BXGD012005 Tumor Cell Invasion
C1306459 BXGD012361 Primary malignant neoplasm Neoplasms
C1306460 BXGD012362 Primary malignant neoplasm of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C1332182 BXGD012495 Adult Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1332201 BXGD012502 Adult Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1332206 BXGD012504 Adult Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1332578 BXGD012537 Haemangioma of bone Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases
C1332942 BXGD012558 Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1332979 BXGD012571 Childhood Lymphoma Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1335302 BXGD012775 Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Endocrine System Diseases
C1389016 BXGD012962 ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL DEFECT Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C1389018 BXGD012963 Atrioventricular Septal Defect Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C1458155 BXGD013136 Mammary Neoplasms Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C1512409 BXGD013188 Hepatocarcinogenesis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C1561643 BXGD013363 Chronic Kidney Diseases Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C1621958 BXGD013468 Glioblastoma Multiforme Neoplasms
C1708604 BXGD013608 Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor Neoplasms
C1832661 BXGD013866 ANOPHTHALMIA AND PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Eye Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C1858723 BXGD015823 Poikiloderma with Neutropenia Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
C1860787 BXGD015997 DOWN SYNDROME CRITICAL REGION Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nervous System Diseases
C2103602 BXGD016918 Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Immune System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases
C2145472 BXGD016931 Urothelial Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C2239176 BXGD016965 Liver carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C3495488 BXGD018987 Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Eye Diseases
C3495549 BXGD018991 Patent ductus arteriosus - persisting type Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C3714506 BXGD019407 Meckel syndrome type 1 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Eye Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C3825297 BXGD019690 Congenital heart disease in children
C3887461 BXGD019876 Head and Neck Carcinoma Neoplasms
C3887524 BXGD019892 Skin Erosion Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C4048328 BXGD021903 cervical cancer Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
C4521042 BXGD023055 Complete Trisomy 21 Syndrome Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nervous System Diseases
C4551686 BXGD023391 Malignant neoplasm of soft tissue Neoplasms
C4721610 BXGD023760 Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Endocrine System Diseases
Target protein-related  compounds
Compounds
BXGC Id Compound Name Strcuture Molecular Weight
BXGC0001545 Harmine 212.25
BXGC0018772 Pseudoephedrine 165.12
The  target protein-related  foods
Foods
BXGF Id Food Name Scientific Name Food Group Number of compound? Number of compound in food, higher numbers indicate the food are more associated with the protein