Showing entry for Alpha-crystallin B chain



                       
General Target Information
BXGT IdBXGT005885
Protein NameAlpha-crystallin B chain
Uniport IdP02511
GeneCRYAB
Gene Id1410
DomainCrystallin; HSP20
Pfam PF00525   PF00011  
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Target protein  affiliated  biological  pathways
KEGG
Class Subclass KEGG Id Pathway Name
2. Genetic Information Processing 2.3 Folding, sorting and degradation hsa04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
5. Organismal Systems 5.9 Aging hsa04213 Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species
Gene Ontology
GO Type GO Id Gene Ontology
Biological Process GO:0060561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis
Biological Process GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation
Biological Process GO:0002088 lens development in camera-type eye
Biological Process GO:0031109 microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
Biological Process GO:0010259 multicellular organism aging
Biological Process GO:0006936 muscle contraction
Biological Process GO:0007517 muscle organ development
Biological Process GO:1905907 negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation
Biological Process GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
Biological Process GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
Biological Process GO:0043154 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Biological Process GO:0032387 negative regulation of intracellular transport
Biological Process GO:0031333 negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
Biological Process GO:2000378 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
Biological Process GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Biological Process GO:0006457 protein folding
Biological Process GO:0050821 protein stabilization
Biological Process GO:0010941 regulation of cell death
Biological Process GO:1900034 regulation of cellular response to heat
Biological Process GO:0032355 response to estradiol
Biological Process GO:0042542 response to hydrogen peroxide
Biological Process GO:0001666 response to hypoxia
Biological Process GO:0051403 stress-activated MAPK cascade
Biological Process GO:0007021 tubulin complex assembly
molecular function GO:0001540 amyloid-beta binding
molecular function GO:0042802 identical protein binding
molecular function GO:0046872 metal ion binding
molecular function GO:0008017 microtubule binding
molecular function GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
molecular function GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
molecular function GO:0005212 structural constituent of eye lens
molecular function GO:0005198 structural molecule activity
molecular function GO:0051082 unfolded protein binding
cellular component GO:0032432 actin filament bundle
cellular component GO:0030424 axon
cellular component GO:0097512 cardiac myofibril
cellular component GO:0009986 cell surface
cellular component GO:0005737 cytoplasm
cellular component GO:0005829 cytosol
cellular component GO:0043197 dendritic spine
cellular component GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
cellular component GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
cellular component GO:0031430 M band
cellular component GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton
cellular component GO:0005739 mitochondrion
cellular component GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
cellular component GO:0005634 nucleus
cellular component GO:0043204 perikaryon
cellular component GO:0014069 postsynaptic density
cellular component GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
cellular component GO:0097060 synaptic membrane
cellular component GO:0030018 Z disc
Reactome
Pathway Id Pathway Name
R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stress
R-HSA-3371556 Cellular response to heat stress
R-HSA-3371571 HSF1-dependent transactivation
R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to external stimuli
Target protein-related  diseases
Disease
CUI Id BXGD Id Disease Name Disease Class
C0002395 BXGD000111 Alzheimer's Disease Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders
C0002726 BXGD000125 Amyloidosis Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
C0003534 BXGD000207 Aphakia Eye Diseases
C0003578 BXGD000211 Apnea Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0003857 BXGD000228 Congenital arteriovenous malformation Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0003864 BXGD000231 Arthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0004135 BXGD000257 Ataxia Telangiectasia Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0006118 BXGD000372 Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases
C0006142 BXGD000374 Malignant neoplasm of breast Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0006826 BXGD000408 Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms
C0007102 BXGD000425 Malignant tumor of colon Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0007131 BXGD000441 Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0007134 BXGD000443 Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0007137 BXGD000445 Squamous cell carcinoma Neoplasms
C0007193 BXGD000451 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated Cardiovascular Diseases
C0007194 BXGD000452 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Diseases
C0007196 BXGD000453 Restrictive cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Diseases
C0009319 BXGD000596 Colitis Digestive System Diseases
C0009375 BXGD000602 Colonic Neoplasms Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0009402 BXGD000605 Colorectal Carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0009691 BXGD000622 Congenital cataract Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Eye Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0011168 BXGD000700 Deglutition Disorders Digestive System Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C0011303 BXGD000712 Demyelinating Diseases Nervous System Diseases
C0011854 BXGD000753 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases
C0014070 BXGD000887 Encephalomyelitis Infections; Nervous System Diseases
C0014378 BXGD000912 Enterovirus Infections Infections
C0014859 BXGD000961 Esophageal Neoplasms Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0017601 BXGD001125 Glaucoma Eye Diseases
C0017636 BXGD001131 Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0017638 BXGD001132 Glioma Neoplasms
C0018784 BXGD001220 Sensorineural Hearing Loss (disorder) Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C0018799 BXGD001224 Heart Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases
C0019080 BXGD001279 Hemorrhage Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0020179 BXGD001363 Huntington Disease Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders
C0021368 BXGD001502 Inflammation Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0021390 BXGD001503 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Digestive System Diseases
C0022336 BXGD001535 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Infections; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders
C0023787 BXGD001698 Lipodystrophy Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0023893 BXGD001716 Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Digestive System Diseases
C0024232 BXGD001751 Lymphatic Metastasis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0024437 BXGD001772 Macular degeneration Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Eye Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0024623 BXGD001791 Malignant neoplasm of stomach Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0025286 BXGD001850 Meningioma Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases
C0025295 BXGD001855 Meningitis, Pneumococcal Infections; Nervous System Diseases
C0026266 BXGD001895 Mitral Valve Insufficiency Cardiovascular Diseases
C0026640 BXGD001912 Mouth Neoplasms Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0026769 BXGD001930 Multiple Sclerosis Immune System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0026837 BXGD001937 Muscle Rigidity Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0026848 BXGD001941 Myopathy Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0026850 BXGD001942 Muscular Dystrophy Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0027627 BXGD002006 Neoplasm Metastasis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0027651 BXGD002009 Neoplasms Neoplasms
C0027819 BXGD002043 Neuroblastoma Neoplasms
C0029077 BXGD002106 Ophthalmia, Sympathetic Eye Diseases; Immune System Diseases
C0029408 BXGD002137 Degenerative polyarthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0029463 BXGD002160 Osteosarcoma Neoplasms
C0029531 BXGD002164 Other cataract Eye Diseases
C0030552 BXGD002238 Paresis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases
C0030567 BXGD002240 Parkinson Disease Nervous System Diseases
C0033578 BXGD002408 Prostatic Neoplasms Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0034069 BXGD002458 Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0035309 BXGD002530 Retinal Diseases Eye Diseases
C0035334 BXGD002539 Retinitis Pigmentosa Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Eye Diseases
C0035335 BXGD002540 Retinoblastoma Neoplasms; Eye Diseases
C0036646 BXGD002627 Age-related cataract Eye Diseases
C0038454 BXGD002760 Cerebrovascular accident Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0040411 BXGD002859 Tongue Neoplasms Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0042798 BXGD003003 Low Vision Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Eye Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0086543 BXGD003294 Cataract Eye Diseases
C0151744 BXGD003469 Myocardial Ischemia Cardiovascular Diseases
C0151786 BXGD003475 Muscle Weakness Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0151888 BXGD003497 Hyporeflexia Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases
C0152025 BXGD003521 Polyneuropathy Nervous System Diseases
C0153349 BXGD003621 Malignant neoplasm of tongue Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0153381 BXGD003626 Malignant neoplasm of mouth Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0153676 BXGD003679 Secondary malignant neoplasm of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0162534 BXGD003953 Prion Diseases Infections; Nervous System Diseases
C0220641 BXGD004305 Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0221170 BXGD004400 Muscular stiffness Nervous System Diseases
C0234860 BXGD004698 Weak cry
C0238461 BXGD004936 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Neoplasms
C0240479 BXGD005039 Neck muscle weakness Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0241005 BXGD005072 Creatine phosphokinase serum increased
C0242379 BXGD005157 Malignant neoplasm of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0242383 BXGD005160 Age related macular degeneration Eye Diseases
C0266537 BXGD005688 Congenital lamellar cataract Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Eye Diseases
C0270715 BXGD006089 Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System Nervous System Diseases
C0270726 BXGD006093 Alexander Disease Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0271084 BXGD006159 Exudative age-related macular degeneration Eye Diseases
C0271148 BXGD006165 Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma Eye Diseases
C0271183 BXGD006169 Severe myopia Eye Diseases
C0278878 BXGD006609 Adult Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0279702 BXGD006685 Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0280100 BXGD006713 Solid Neoplasm Neoplasms
C0280324 BXGD006740 Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C0280474 BXGD006748 Childhood Glioblastoma Neoplasms
C0280483 BXGD006750 Adult Anaplastic Astrocytoma Neoplasms
C0302254 BXGD006834 Juvenile cataract Eye Diseases
C0311394 BXGD006884 Difficulty walking Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C0333068 BXGD006920 Flexion contracture Musculoskeletal Diseases
C0334533 BXGD007105 Arteriovenous hemangioma Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0334579 BXGD007120 Anaplastic astrocytoma Neoplasms
C0339573 BXGD007271 Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle Eye Diseases
C0340427 BXGD007329 Familial dilated cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Diseases
C0344522 BXGD007684 Congenital posterior polar cataract
C0376358 BXGD007992 Malignant neoplasm of prostate Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0392557 BXGD008056 Nuclear cataract Eye Diseases
C0393571 BXGD008094 Multiple System Atrophy Nervous System Diseases
C0410158 BXGD008408 Muscle damage
C0424295 BXGD008524 Hyperactive behavior Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases
C0427065 BXGD008604 Distal muscle weakness Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0427515 BXGD008619 Neutrophil abnormality
C0431406 BXGD008686 Asymmetric crying face association Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases
C0476403 BXGD008992 Electromyogram abnormal
C0521707 BXGD009166 Bilateral cataracts (disorder) Eye Diseases
C0524524 BXGD009228 Pseudoaphakia Eye Diseases
C0524851 BXGD009246 Neurodegenerative Disorders Nervous System Diseases
C0544966 BXGD009320 Autophagic vaculoes (finding)
C0546837 BXGD009343 Malignant neoplasm of esophagus Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0585442 BXGD009593 Osteosarcoma of bone Neoplasms
C0595989 BXGD009632 Carcinoma of larynx Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C0596263 BXGD009639 Carcinogenesis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0600139 BXGD009695 Prostate carcinoma Neoplasms; Male Urogenital Diseases
C0678222 BXGD009749 Breast Carcinoma Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C0684249 BXGD009790 Carcinoma of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C0686619 BXGD009835 Secondary malignant neoplasm of lymph node Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C0699791 BXGD009867 Stomach Carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C0700095 BXGD009875 Central neuroblastoma Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases
C0740391 BXGD009987 Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C0751336 BXGD010392 Distal Muscular Dystrophies Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0751713 BXGD010564 Inclusion Body Myopathy, Sporadic Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0751733 BXGD010569 Degenerative Diseases, Spinal Cord Nervous System Diseases
C0751967 BXGD010657 Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting Immune System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C0858617 BXGD011183 Posterior subcapsular cataract Eye Diseases
C0878544 BXGD011368 Cardiomyopathies Cardiovascular Diseases
C1112705 BXGD011681 Nuclear non-senile cataract Eye Diseases
C1145670 BXGD011764 Respiratory Failure Respiratory Tract Diseases
C1168401 BXGD011792 Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Neoplasms
C1260959 BXGD011846 Drusen
C1266042 BXGD011938 Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C1266043 BXGD011939 Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C1266044 BXGD011940 Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C1269955 BXGD012005 Tumor Cell Invasion
C1280433 BXGD012125 Lipoatrophy Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C1306459 BXGD012361 Primary malignant neoplasm Neoplasms
C1306460 BXGD012362 Primary malignant neoplasm of lung Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases
C1306837 BXGD012377 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Male Urogenital Diseases
C1332986 BXGD012574 Childhood Osteosarcoma Neoplasms
C1449563 BXGD013086 Cardiomyopathy, Familial Idiopathic Cardiovascular Diseases
C1458155 BXGD013136 Mammary Neoplasms Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C1510497 BXGD013174 Lens Opacities Eye Diseases
C1519670 BXGD013241 Tumor Angiogenesis Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
C1527344 BXGD013275 Dysphonia Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C1533847 BXGD013318 Disorder of skeletal muscle Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C1536085 BXGD013334 Geographic Atrophy Eye Diseases
C1562113 BXGD013372 Fleck corneal dystrophy Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Eye Diseases
C1621958 BXGD013468 Glioblastoma Multiforme Neoplasms
C1800706 BXGD013755 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory Tract Diseases
C1832370 BXGD013832 MYOPATHY, MYOFIBRILLAR, DESMIN-RELATED Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C1836003 BXGD014069 Facial diplegia Infections; Nervous System Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases
C1836057 BXGD014076 Muscle fiber splitting
C1836156 BXGD014085 Progressive proximal muscle weakness
C1836609 BXGD014138 Progressive distal muscle weakness
C1837317 BXGD014219 Alpha-B Crystallinopathy Eye Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases
C1837323 BXGD014220 Decreased Achilles reflex
C1838681 BXGD014337 Rapidly progressive
C1843697 BXGD014603 Axial muscle weakness Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C1843700 BXGD014604 Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter
C1850191 BXGD015122 Posterior polar cataract
C1852467 BXGD015283 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Sporadic Infections; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders
C1853926 BXGD015365 NONAKA MYOPATHY Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C1854494 BXGD015409 Slow progression
C1858127 BXGD015775 Limb-girdle muscle weakness Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C1861861 BXGD016083 CARDIOMYOPATHY, FAMILIAL RESTRICTIVE, 1 (disorder) Cardiovascular Diseases
C1866141 BXGD016379 Foot dorsiflexor weakness
C1998028 BXGD016865 Photoreceptor degeneration Eye Diseases
C2025392 BXGD016883 Polar cataract Eye Diseases
C2239176 BXGD016965 Liver carcinoma Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms
C2678065 BXGD017398 Myofibrillar Myopathy Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C2931822 BXGD018068 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Neoplasms; Stomatognathic Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
C2939419 BXGD018178 Secondary Neoplasm Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasms
C3151065 BXGD018384 Cataract, Posterior Polar, 2 Eye Diseases
C3151236 BXGD018412 MYOPATHY, MYOFIBRILLAR, FATAL INFANTILE HYPERTONIC, ALPHA-B CRYSTALLIN-RELATED
C3539878 BXGD019087 Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C3554649 BXGD019229 CARDIOMYOPATHY, DILATED, 1II
C3642347 BXGD019246 Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma
C3806467 BXGD019513 Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness Respiratory Tract Diseases
C3808377 BXGD019544 CATARACT 16, MULTIPLE TYPES
C4021043 BXGD020532 Accumulation of muscle fiber desmin
C4021726 BXGD020735 EMG: myopathic abnormalities Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C4022159 BXGD020886 Muscle fiber inclusion bodies
C4022388 BXGD020895 Posterior capsular cataract
C4025578 BXGD021675 Late-onset proximal muscle weakness
C4086165 BXGD022126 Childhood Neuroblastoma Neoplasms
C4551472 BXGD023303 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Diseases
C4551548 BXGD023342 Grade III Childhood Astrocytoma Neoplasms
C4551675 BXGD023384 Keratoderma, Palmoplantar Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
C4551993 BXGD023469 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Familial Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases
C4722085 BXGD023788 Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum
C4722518 BXGD023806 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Neoplasms; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
Target protein-related  compounds
Compounds
BXGC Id Compound Name Strcuture Molecular Weight
BXGC0000989 Glutathione 307.32
BXGC0001380 Succinic acid 118.09
BXGC0003079 3beta-Lanostenol 428.73
BXGC0006990 Lanosterol 426.72
BXGC0037687 (4S)-2-methylpentane-2,4-diol 118.1
BXGC0042250 Ascorbic Acid 175.02
The  target protein-related  foods
Foods
BXGF Id Food Name Scientific Name Food Group Number of compound? Number of compound in food, higher numbers indicate the food are more associated with the protein